The Southern Range

(Naturalist Journeys, 2025)

Introduction to the Southern Range

The Southern Range is a chain of low hills located along the southern edge of Trinidad. It is the smallest and least elevated of the three main ranges on the island but plays a significant role in shaping the southern landscape. The Southern Range is important for its unique geology, ecosystems, and influence on river systems.

Location and Physical Features

The Southern Range runs along the south coast of Trinidad, stretching from Point Fortin in the west to Guayaguayare in the east. It consists mostly of low hills and ridges, often made up of softer rocks like sands, clays, and limestone. The land is generally lower and more eroded compared to the Northern and Central Ranges.

Major Peaks and Landmarks

The Southern Range does not have very high peaks, but it features important landmarks such as:

Trinity Hills – A group of three prominent hills, which are believed to have inspired the name “Trinidad” (“La Trinidad” meaning “The Trinity”) when Christopher Columbus first sighted them.

(Naturalist Journeys, 2025)

Morne Diablo – Another notable area located in the southwestern part of the range. The region is also known for its proximity to oil and asphalt deposits, such as the famous Pitch Lake near La Brea.

(Naturalist Journeys, 2025)

Flora and Fauna

The Southern Range supports:

  • Dry forests and savannah-type vegetation.
  • Wildlife such as armadillos, howler monkeys, and several bird species adapted to drier conditions.
  • Unique ecosystems near coastal areas, including mangroves and wetlands. While the biodiversity is not as rich as in the Northern Range, it still supports important plant and animal life.
(Basto, 2021)

Importance to Trinidad

The Southern Range contributes to:

  • Natural resources – It is close to important petroleum and natural gas deposits.
  • Historical significance – The Trinity Hills have cultural and historical importance linked to the island’s discovery.
  • Water systems – Several small rivers and streams originate from the hills.
  • Local livelihoods – Fishing, agriculture, and oil industries are important economic activities in nearby communities.

Conservation and Threats

The Southern Range faces threats from quarrying, deforestation, and the impacts of oil and gas exploration. Protecting the natural habitats, promoting reforestation, and managing land use sustainably are important to ensure the long-term health of the Southern Range and surrounding environments.

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References

Archie, C. (n.d.). Morne Diablo Bay to Siparia Point. Curtis Archie. https://curtisarchie.com/wpmocha/?page_id=1382

Institute of Our Lady of Mercy. (n.d.). The Trinity. https://ourladyofmercy.org.uk/the-trinity/

Mindtrip. (n.d.). Southern Range in Trinidad and Tobago. https://mindtrip.ai/location/trinidad-tobago/southern-range/lo-IIDSQrwE

TripAdvisor. (n.d.). Caribbean Discovery Tours – Photo of Trinidad. https://www.tripadvisor.ca/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g147389-d10643285-i250237580-Caribbean_Discovery_Tours-Port_of_Spain_Trinidad_Trinidad_and_Tobago.html

YouTube. (n.d.). Exploring Trinidad’s Southern Range [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_lQwarUL5D4